Alianza — BESS Emission Reduction Dashboard— 90 MW / 450 MWh / 5h / LFP
MADD Methodology §5.4 Ex-Ante Quantification | CEN 2024 + 2025
Analysis Year
Emission Factor 2024
0.3894
tCO₂ / MWh
RED 59,146 tCO₂ / 151,890 MWh discharged
Annual Summary — 2024
RED (tCO₂)
59,146
Net Emission Reduction
TGHGd (tCO₂)
62,543
Displaced by BESS
TGHGc (tCO₂)
3,397
Induced by Charging
OSE (tCO₂)
16.2M
System Emissions
BESS (MWh)
83/90
Discharge / Charge per hour
Annual Emission Reduction Waterfall — 2024
tCO₂ — Full Year 2024
Average Marginal Emission Factor
tCO₂/MWh by Month — EFd (discharge) vs EFc (charge)
Monthly RED Decomposition
TGHGd − TGHGc = RED
Monthly Curtailment
MWh
Spot Price Distribution (hourly)
Box = IQR of hourly system averages; diamond = monthly median
Monthly Drill-Down
January 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
January 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
January 2024 — RED = 4,634 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,634 − TGHGc=0
January — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
January — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
January — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
January — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
January — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
January — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 9 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.004 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
February 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
February 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
February 2024 — RED = 4,855 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,864 − TGHGc=9
February — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
February — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
February — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
February — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
February — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
February — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 86 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.000 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
March 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
March 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
March 2024 — RED = 5,597 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,683 − TGHGc=86
March — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
March — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
March — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
March — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
March — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
March — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 271 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.061 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
April 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
April 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
April 2024 — RED = 4,618 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,890 − TGHGc=271
April — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
April — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
April — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
April — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
April — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
April — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 507 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.171 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
May 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
May 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
May 2024 — RED = 5,656 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,164 − TGHGc=507
May — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
May — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
May — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
May — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
May — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
May — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 2,381 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.249 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
June 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
June 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
June 2024 — RED = 3,802 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,183 − TGHGc=2,381
June — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
June — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
June — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
June — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
June — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
June — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 141 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.060 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
July 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
July 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
July 2024 — RED = 7,748 tCO₂
TGHGd=7,889 − TGHGc=141
July — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
July — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
July — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
July — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
July — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
July — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 1 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.000 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
August 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
August 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
August 2024 — RED = 6,662 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,664 − TGHGc=1
August — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
August — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
August — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
August — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
August — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
August — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
September 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
September 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
September 2024 — RED = 3,855 tCO₂
TGHGd=3,855 − TGHGc=0
September — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
September — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
September — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
September — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
September — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
September — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
October 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
October 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
October 2024 — RED = 4,247 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,247 − TGHGc=0
October — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
October — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
October — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
October — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
October — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
October — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
November 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
November 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
November 2024 — RED = 3,199 tCO₂
TGHGd=3,199 − TGHGc=0
November — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
November — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
November — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
November — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
November — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
November — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
December 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
December 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
December 2024 — RED = 4,273 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,273 − TGHGc=0
December — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
December — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
December — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
December — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
December — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
December — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
Emission Factor 2025
0.4869
tCO₂ / MWh
RED 73,756 tCO₂ / 151,475 MWh discharged
Annual Summary — 2025
RED (tCO₂)
73,756
Net Emission Reduction
TGHGd (tCO₂)
75,125
Displaced by BESS
TGHGc (tCO₂)
1,368
Induced by Charging
OSE (tCO₂)
18.8M
System Emissions
BESS (MWh)
83/90
Discharge / Charge per hour
Annual Emission Reduction Waterfall — 2025
tCO₂ — Full Year 2025
Average Marginal Emission Factor
tCO₂/MWh by Month — EFd (discharge) vs EFc (charge)
Monthly RED Decomposition
TGHGd − TGHGc = RED
Monthly Curtailment
MWh
Spot Price Distribution (hourly)
Box = IQR of hourly system averages; diamond = monthly median
Monthly Drill-Down
January 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
January 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
January 2025 — RED = 6,730 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,730 − TGHGc=0
January — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
January — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
January — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
January — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
January — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
January — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 98 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.020 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
February 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
February 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
February 2025 — RED = 5,162 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,260 − TGHGc=98
February — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
February — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
February — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
February — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
February — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
February — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 15 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.009 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
March 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
March 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
March 2025 — RED = 7,233 tCO₂
TGHGd=7,248 − TGHGc=15
March — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
March — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
March — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
March — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
March — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
March — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 419 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.035 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
April 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
April 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
April 2025 — RED = 7,737 tCO₂
TGHGd=8,156 − TGHGc=419
April — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
April — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
April — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
April — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
April — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
April — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 450 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.045 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
May 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
May 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
May 2025 — RED = 7,215 tCO₂
TGHGd=7,666 − TGHGc=450
May — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
May — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
May — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
May — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
May — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
May — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 199 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.018 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
June 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
June 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
June 2025 — RED = 6,458 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,657 − TGHGc=199
June — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
June — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
June — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
June — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
June — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
June — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 92 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.022 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
July 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
July 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
July 2025 — RED = 6,155 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,247 − TGHGc=92
July — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
July — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
July — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
July — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
July — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
July — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 12 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.002 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
August 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
August 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
August 2025 — RED = 5,701 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,713 − TGHGc=12
August — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
August — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
August — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
August — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
August — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
August — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 69 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.004 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
September 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
September 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
September 2025 — RED = 4,427 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,496 − TGHGc=69
September — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
September — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
September — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
September — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
September — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
September — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 0 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.004 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
October 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
October 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
October 2025 — RED = 5,832 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,833 − TGHGc=0
October — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
October — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
October — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
October — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
October — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
October — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
November 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
November 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
November 2025 — RED = 5,930 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,930 − TGHGc=0
November — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
November — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
November — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
November — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
November — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
November — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 13 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.004 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
December 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
December 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
December 2025 — RED = 5,176 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,189 − TGHGc=13
December — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
December — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
December — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
December — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
December — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
December — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
Year-over-Year Comparison
Monthly RED — 2024 vs 2025
Net emission reductions by month
What changed: RED(2025) − RED(2024)
Bars = Δ components; line = net Δ RED. Hover for EFd / EFc.
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