AES Atacama BESS Stand-alone — BESS Emission Reduction Dashboard— 100 MW / 400 MWh / 4h / LFP
MADD Methodology §5.4 Ex-Ante Quantification | CEN 2024 + 2025
Analysis Year
Emission Factor 2024
0.3940
tCO₂ / MWh
RED 53,641 tCO₂ / 136,152 MWh discharged
Annual Summary — 2024
RED (tCO₂)
53,641
Net Emission Reduction
TGHGd (tCO₂)
57,461
Displaced by BESS
TGHGc (tCO₂)
3,820
Induced by Charging
OSE (tCO₂)
16.2M
System Emissions
BESS (MWh)
93/100
Discharge / Charge per hour
Annual Emission Reduction Waterfall — 2024
tCO₂ — Full Year 2024
Average Marginal Emission Factor
tCO₂/MWh by Month — EFd (discharge) vs EFc (charge)
Monthly RED Decomposition
TGHGd − TGHGc = RED
Monthly Curtailment
MWh
Spot Price Distribution (hourly)
Box = IQR of hourly system averages; diamond = monthly median
Monthly Drill-Down
January 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
January 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
January 2024 — RED = 4,203 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,203 − TGHGc=0
January — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
January — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
January — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
January — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
January — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
January — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 20 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.012 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
February 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
February 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
February 2024 — RED = 4,521 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,542 − TGHGc=20
February — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
February — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
February — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
February — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
February — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
February — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 86 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.000 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
March 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
March 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
March 2024 — RED = 5,109 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,195 − TGHGc=86
March — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
March — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
March — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
March — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
March — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
March — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 360 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.072 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
April 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
April 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
April 2024 — RED = 4,168 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,527 − TGHGc=360
April — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
April — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
April — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
April — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
April — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
April — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 772 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.214 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
May 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
May 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
May 2024 — RED = 4,907 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,680 − TGHGc=772
May — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
May — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
May — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
May — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
May — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
May — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 2,344 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.261 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
June 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
June 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
June 2024 — RED = 3,486 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,830 − TGHGc=2,344
June — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
June — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
June — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
June — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
June — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
June — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 232 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.072 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
July 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
July 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
July 2024 — RED = 6,808 tCO₂
TGHGd=7,040 − TGHGc=232
July — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
July — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
July — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
July — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
July — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
July — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 5 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.007 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
August 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
August 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
August 2024 — RED = 6,092 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,098 − TGHGc=5
August — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
August — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
August — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
August — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
August — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
August — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
September 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
September 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
September 2024 — RED = 3,516 tCO₂
TGHGd=3,516 − TGHGc=0
September — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
September — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
September — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
September — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
September — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
September — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
October 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
October 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
October 2024 — RED = 4,008 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,008 − TGHGc=0
October — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
October — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
October — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
October — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
October — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
October — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
November 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
November 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
November 2024 — RED = 2,963 tCO₂
TGHGd=2,963 − TGHGc=0
November — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
November — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
November — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
November — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
November — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
November — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
December 2024 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
December 2024 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
December 2024 — RED = 3,859 tCO₂
TGHGd=3,859 − TGHGc=0
December — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
December — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
December — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
December — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
December — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
December — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
Emission Factor 2025
0.4842
tCO₂ / MWh
RED 65,743 tCO₂ / 135,780 MWh discharged
Annual Summary — 2025
RED (tCO₂)
65,743
Net Emission Reduction
TGHGd (tCO₂)
67,148
Displaced by BESS
TGHGc (tCO₂)
1,405
Induced by Charging
OSE (tCO₂)
18.8M
System Emissions
BESS (MWh)
93/100
Discharge / Charge per hour
Annual Emission Reduction Waterfall — 2025
tCO₂ — Full Year 2025
Average Marginal Emission Factor
tCO₂/MWh by Month — EFd (discharge) vs EFc (charge)
Monthly RED Decomposition
TGHGd − TGHGc = RED
Monthly Curtailment
MWh
Spot Price Distribution (hourly)
Box = IQR of hourly system averages; diamond = monthly median
Monthly Drill-Down
January 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
January 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
January 2025 — RED = 5,918 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,918 − TGHGc=0
January — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
January — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
January — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
January — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
January — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
January — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 124 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.020 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
February 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
February 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
February 2025 — RED = 4,549 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,673 − TGHGc=124
February — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
February — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
February — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
February — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
February — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
February — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 29 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.011 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
March 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
March 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
March 2025 — RED = 6,538 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,567 − TGHGc=29
March — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
March — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
March — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
March — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
March — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
March — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 404 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.040 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
April 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
April 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
April 2025 — RED = 6,924 tCO₂
TGHGd=7,328 − TGHGc=404
April — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
April — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
April — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
April — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
April — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
April — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 440 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.065 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
May 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
May 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
May 2025 — RED = 6,390 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,830 − TGHGc=440
May — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
May — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
May — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
May — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
May — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
May — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 208 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.028 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
June 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
June 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
June 2025 — RED = 5,795 tCO₂
TGHGd=6,002 − TGHGc=208
June — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
June — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
June — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
June — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
June — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
June — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 110 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.000 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
July 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
July 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
July 2025 — RED = 5,566 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,676 − TGHGc=110
July — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
July — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
July — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
July — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
July — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
July — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 16 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.003 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
August 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
August 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
August 2025 — RED = 5,132 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,148 − TGHGc=16
August — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
August — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
August — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
August — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
August — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
August — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 55 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.000 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
September 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
September 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
September 2025 — RED = 4,081 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,136 − TGHGc=55
September — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
September — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
September — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
September — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
September — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
September — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 6 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.005 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
October 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
October 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
October 2025 — RED = 5,165 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,171 − TGHGc=6
October — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
October — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
October — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
October — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
October — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
October — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
November 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
November 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
November 2025 — RED = 5,173 tCO₂
TGHGd=5,173 − TGHGc=0
November — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
November — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
November — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
November — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
November — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
November — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
About TGHGc (charging emissions): TGHGc = 15 tCO₂ means the system's marginal generator during charging hours (10–13 CLT) was thermal some of the time. This is the expected conservative behavior of MADD — BESS charging raises demand, and if the marginal unit is CC/coal/gas, those emissions are induced. Average marginal EF during charge: 0.000 tCO₂/MWh. A higher value here pulls net RED down.
December 2025 — Hourly Displacement Detail (discharge)
Rows = discharge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ displaced; hover shows per-tech MWh → tCO₂ breakdown
December 2025 — Hourly Induction Detail (charge)
Rows = charge hours (CLT); cells coloured by tCO₂ induced; white ≈ BESS charged from curtailed renewables (EF=0); orange ≈ thermal marginal
December 2025 — RED = 4,512 tCO₂
TGHGd=4,527 − TGHGc=15
December — Effective Discharge by Technology
% of MWh actually displaced by the BESS (sums to Bd)
December — Effective Charge by Technology
% of MWh supplied to BESS charging (sums to Bc)
December — Top 15 Displaced Units
by tCO₂ displaced by Bd (effective DORd only)
December — Top 15 Charging Units
by MWh absorbed by Bc (effective DORc only); induced tCO₂ ≈ 0 when filled with curtailed renewables
December — Most Frequent Marginal Units
Discharge — sets the marginal EF
December — Charging Marginal EF by Hour
each dot = one charging hour, colored by marginal tech
Year-over-Year Comparison
Monthly RED — 2024 vs 2025
Net emission reductions by month
What changed: RED(2025) − RED(2024)
Bars = Δ components; line = net Δ RED. Hover for EFd / EFc.
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
Exclusive property of Sherpas Group SpA. Reproduction, distribution or disclosure, in whole or in part, without prior written authorization is prohibited.